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quantitative genetics
Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).
Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a gene in breeding populations (gamodemes), and combine them with concepts from simple Mendelian inheritance to analyze inheritance patterns across generations and descendant lines. While population genetics can focus on particular genes and their subsequent metabolic products, quantitative genetics focuses more on the outward phenotypes, and makes summaries only of the underlying genetics.
Due to the continuous distribution of phenotypic values, quantitative genetics must employ many other statistical methods (such as the ''effect size'', the ''mean'' and the ''variance'') to link phenotypes (attributes) to genotypes. Some phenotypes may be analyzed either as discrete categories or as continuous phenotypes, depending on the definition of cut-off points, or on the ''metric'' used to quantify them. Mendel himself had to discuss this matter in his famous paper, especially with respect to his peas attribute ''tall/dwarf'', which actually was "length of stem".〔The Mendel G.; Bateson W. (1891) paper, with additional comments by Bateson, is reprinted in: Sinnott E.W.; Dunn L.C.; Dobzhansky T. (1958). "Principles of genetics"; New York, McGraw-Hill: 419-443. Footnote 3, page 422 identifies Bateson as the original translator, and provides the reference for that translation.〕 Analysis of quantitative trait loci, or QTL,〔A ''QTL'' is a region in the DNA genome that affects, or is associated with, quantitative phenotypic traits.〕 is a more recent addition to quantitative genetics, linking it more directly to molecular genetics.
== Basic principles ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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